در این ایام عید میلاد، فرصت خوبی است که کمی دربارۀ آمدن مسیح به این جهان تفکر کنیم. وقتی بهیاد میآوریم که مسیح از ازل وجود داشته، و همه چیز بهوسیلۀ او هستی یافته، این سؤال پیش میآید که آیا واقعاً لازم بود که پسر خدا جلال آسمان را ترک کند، لباس بشری بپوشد و بهصورت یک انسان ظاهر شود؟
یوحنای رسول به این سؤال جواب میدهد. او در اولین رسالۀ خود پنج دلیل میآورد تا نشان دهد که چرا مسیح بهصورت انسان ظاهر شد. البته قبل از هر چیز، در این رساله مشاهده میکنیم که یوحنا میخواهد روی این موضوع تأکید نماید که مسیح واقعاً بهصورت جسم ظاهر شد. در آن زمان اشخاصی بودند که این حقیقت را رد میکردند و میگفتند که مسیح فقط با روح آشکار شد و نه با جسم. بنابراین، یوحنا در فصل چهارم، آیات ۱ تا ۳ به این موضوع اشاره میکند. نباید فراموش کنیم که مسیحیت مبتنی بر حقایق تاریخی است و اگر کسی میتوانست خلاف این را ثابت کند، مسیحیت از بین میرفت. به همین دلیل، همۀ رسولان به این موضوع بسیار اهمیت میدهند.
برای نمونه پطرس مینویسد: «وقتی ما دربارۀ قدرت خداوند ما عیسی مسیح و آمدن او سخن گفتیم، به افسانههایی که با مهارت ساخته شدهاند متوسل نشدیم، زیرا ما با چشمان خود بزرگی ملکوت او را دیدهایم» (دوم پطرس ۱:۱۶). یوحنا نیز این حقیقت را تأئید میکند و در قسمت اول رسالهاش میفرماید که ما او را شنیدیم و دیدیم و لمس کردیم. بله، همان کلمه که خود خدا بود، واقعاً شکل انسان به خود گرفت و در میان ما ساکن گردید (یوحنا ۱:۱ و ۱۴). اما چرا؟
به همین جهت اولین باری که یحیی مسیح را دید، فرمود: «نگاه کنید! این است آن برۀ خدا که گناه جهان را برمیدارد» (یوحنا ۱:۲۹). یوحنا نیز در رسالهاش این موضوع را تأئید میکند و میفرماید: «محبتی که من از آن سخن میگویم، محبت ما نسبت به خدا نیست، بلکه محبت خدا نسبت به ماست- محبتی که باعث شد او پسر خود را بهعنوان کفارۀ گناهان ما به جهان بفرستد» (اول یوحنا ۴:۱۰).
خدا را شکر که در مسیحیت، پایه و اساسی برای آمرزش گناهان وجود دارد که همان صلیب مسیح است. در صلیب است که متوجه زشتی گناه میشویم و پی میبریم که با چه قیمتی خریده شدهایم. بنابراین یوحنا میفرماید: «این را به شما مینویسم که گناه نکنید» (۲:۱). هدف ما نیز باید همین باشد! اما باز هم خدا را شکر که «اگر کسی مرتکب گناهی شود در پیشگاه خدای پدر کسی را داریم که برای ما شفاعت میکند» (۲:۱و۲) و «اگر ما به گناهان خود اعتراف نماییم ... او گناهان ما را میآمرزد» (۱:۹).
مسیح تأئید میکند که شیطان قاتل و دروغگو است. او فرمود: «دزد میآید تا بدزدد، بکشد و نابود سازد، من آمدهام تا آدمیان حیات یابند و آن را بهطور کامل داشته باشند» (یوحنا ۸:۴۴ ، ۱۰:۱۰). مردم زیر کنترل روح شیطان بسر میبرند و همانطور که یوحنا میگوید: «تمام دنیا تحت تسلط شیطان است» (۵:۱۹). ولی خدا میخواهد ما را از چنگ نیرومند ظلمت برهاند و به پادشاهی پسر عزیزش منتقل سازد (کولسیان ۱:۱۳).
خدا را شکر که آزادی واقعی از تمام اسارتها و ترسها در مسیح پیدا میشود. «مسیح انسان گردید تا بهوسیلۀ مرگ خود ابلیس را که بر مرگ قدرت دارد، نابود سازد و آن کسانی را که به سبب ترس از مرگ تمام عمر در بردگی بسر بردهاند، آزاد سازد» (عبرانیان ۲:۱۴و۱۵).
چقدر باید خدا را شکر کنیم برای اطمینان از دریافتِ حیات؛ نه فقط حیات روحانی در این زندگی، بلکه حیات جاودانی در ابدیت. یوحنا میفرماید: «این نامه را نوشتم تا شما که به نام پسر خدا ایمان دارید، یقین بدانید که حیات جاودانی دارید» (۵:۱۱-۱۳).
اطمینان از دریافت حیات ارزش زیادی دارد زیرا بسیاری از مردم در جستجوی آن هستند. شخصی را میشناسم که الآن تمام وقت خود را به خدمت خداوند سپرده است؛ او قبلاً در مذهب خود بسیار متعصب بود و همیشه به مسیحیت حمله میکرد. آخر خودش به مسیح ایمان آورد و وقتی میخواست شهادت خود را بنویسد، این عنوان را برای کتاب خود انتخاب کرد: "در جستجوی اطمینان". او در این کتابچه، اعتراف میکند که در طول سالهای درازی که از مذهب خود دفاع میکرده و دیگران را مورد حمله قرار میداده، هیچ اطمینانی از حیات جاودانی نداشته است. انسانِ مرده به حیات احتیاج دارد و خدا را شکر که مسیح ظاهر شد تا ما بهوسیلۀ او حیات داشته باشیم.
اصطلاح "نجاتدهندۀ عالم" تأئید میکند که پیغام مسیح مخصوص همه، در هر زمان میباشد. به همین جهت، از ابتدای زندگی مسیح بر روی زمین، برای بسیاری آشکار شده بود که او باید "نجاتدهندۀ جهان" باشد. بارها بهخصوص در قسمت اول انجیل لوقا، به این اصطلاح برخورد میکنیم. مثلاً مریم میگوید: «روح من در نجاتدهندۀ من، خدا، شادی میکند» (۱:۴۶)، زکریا میگوید: «از خاندان بندۀ خود داود، رهانندۀ نیرومندی برافراشته است (۱:۶۹)... که با آمرزش گناهانشان رستگار میشوند» (۱:۷۷)، فرشتۀ خداوند میگوید: «امروز... نجاتدهندهای برای شما به دنیا آمده است» (۲:۱۱)، شمعون میگوید: «چشمانم نجات تو را دیده است» (۲:۳۰)- همان عیسی که قوم خودش را از گناهانشان رهایی خواهد داد (متی ۱:۲۱).
اشکال انسان چیست؟ بعضیها ادعا میکنند که اشکال انسان فقط نادانی اوست و از طریق مکاشفۀ خدا بهوسیلۀ پیامبران، نادانی او برطرف میشود. اما در حقیقت، اشکال انسان خیلی عمیقتر از اینهاست. میشود گفت که اشکال انسان، ناتوانی اوست. مشکل انسان هرگز بیاطلاعی از آنچه باید بکند نیست، بلکه فقدان نیروی لازم جهت انجام این وظیفه او را درمانده ساخته است. پس سؤال این است که چه کسی میتواند انسان را که در چاه گناه افتاده است، در بیاورد؟ به همین دلیل، در وهلۀ اول، ما به یک نجاتدهنده نیاز داریم، نه به یک معلم؛ و تنها منجی عالم، عیسی مسیح است. «در هیچ کس دیگر رستگاری نیست و در زیر آسمان هیج نامی جز نام عیسی به مردم عطا نشده است تا بهوسیلۀ آن نجات یابیم» (اعمال رسولان ۴:۱۲).
در انجیل یوحنا ظاهراً تناقضی وجود دارد، زیرا در ۱:۱۸ میخوانیم: «کسی هرگز خدا را ندیده است» و در ۱۴:۸ مسیح به شاگردانش میفرماید: «شما او را دیدهاید». ما خدا را شکر میکنیم که با دیدن عیسی مسیح که صورت خدای نادیده است، گویی خود خدا را میبینیم و در نتیجه، میتوانیم او را بشناسیم. همانطوری که مسیح میفرماید: «این است حیات جاودان که آنها تو را خدای واحد حقیقی و عیسی مسیح را که فرستادۀ توست، بشناسند» (یوحنا ۱۷:۳). این شناخت هم به زندگی مسیح مربوط است و هم به مرگ او. مسیح بهوسیلۀ یک زندگی انسانی، خدا را به ما نشان میدهد و بهوسیلۀ یک مرگ فداکارانه، ما را با خدا آشتی میدهد. آیا برای ما افتخاری بزرگتر از این وجود دارد که فرزندان روحانی خدا بشویم و بدانیم خدای متعال، پدر پر محبت ماست؟ به همین دلیل خدا از روی محبتش مسیح را فرستاد تا ما بتوانیم او را بشناسیم و با او در تماس باشیم.
ولی واقعاً لازم است که ما شخصاً عیسی مسیح را بهعنوان نجاتدهندۀ خود بپذیریم. اگر نه، تجسم خدا از طریق مسیح هیچ سودی عاید ما نمیگرداند.
اگر عیسی هزاران بار دیگر، بهدنیا زندگانی گیرد از سر،
کند روشن ز نو دنیای ما را، شفا بخشد همه مرضای ما را،
بهخود خواند همه زحمتکشان را، ببخشد زندگانی مردگان را،
نمایاند به انسان راه چاره، شود مصلوب و برخیزد دوباره،
ولی در قلب ما وارد نگردد، سراسر جمله کارش هیچ ارزد!
1After these things Jesus manifested himself again to the disciples at the sea of Tiberias; and he manifested i on this wise. 2There was together Simon Peter, and Thomas called Didymus, and Nathanael of Cana in Galilee, and the [sons] of Zebedee, and two other of his disciples. 3 Simon Peter saith unto them, I go a fishing. They say unto him, We also come with thee. They went forth, and entered into the boat; and that night they took nothing. 4But when day was now breaking, Jesus stood on the beach: yet the disciples knew not that it was Jesus. 5Jesus therefore saith unto them, Children, have ye aught to eat? They answered him, No. 6 And he said unto them, Cast the net on the right side of the boat, and ye shall find. They cast therefore, and now they were not able to draw it for the multitude of fishes. 7That disciple therefore whom Jesus loved saith unto Peter, It is the Lord. So when Simon Peter heard that it was the Lord, he girt his coat about him (for he was naked), and cast himself into the sea. 8But the other disciples came in the little boat (for they were not far from the land, but about two hundred cubits off), dragging the net [full] of fishes. 9So when they got out upon the land, they see a fire of coals there, and fish laid thereon, and bread. 10Jesus saith unto them, Bring of the fish which ye have now taken. 11Simon Peter therefore went up, and drew the net to land, full of great fishes, a hundred and fifty and three: and for all there were so many, the net was not rent. 12Jesus saith unto them, Come [and] break your fast. And none of the disciples durst inquire of him, Who art thou? knowing that it was the Lord. 13Jesus cometh, and taketh the bread, and giveth them, and the fish likewise. 14This is now the third time that Jesus was manifested to the disciples, after that he was risen from the dead. 15So when they had broken their fast, Jesus saith to Simon Peter, Simon, [son] of John, lovest thou me more than these? He saith unto him, Yea, Lord; thou knowest that I love thee. He saith unto him, Feed my lambs. 16He saith to him again a second time, Simon, [son] of John, lovest thou me? He saith unto him, Yea, Lord; thou knowest that I love thee. He saith unto him, Tend my sheep. 17He saith unto him the third time, Simon, [son] of John, lovest thou me? Peter was grieved because he said unto him the third time, Lovest thou me? And he said unto him, Lord, thou knowest all things; thou knowest that I love thee. Jesus saith unto him, Feed my sheep. 18Verily, verily, I say unto thee, When thou wast young, thou girdedst thyself, and walkedst whither thou wouldest: but when thou shalt be old, thou shalt stretch forth thy hands, and another shall gird thee, and carry thee whither thou wouldest not. 19Now this he spake, signifying by what manner of death he should glorify God. And when he had spoken this, he saith unto him, Follow me. 20 Peter, turning about, seeth the disciple whom Jesus loved following; who also leaned back on his breast at the supper, and said, Lord, who is he that betrayeth thee? 21Peter therefore seeing him saith to Jesus, Lord, and what shall this man do? 22Jesus saith unto him, If I will that he tarry till I come, what [is that] to thee? Follow thou me. 23 This saying therefore went forth among the brethren, that that disciple should not die: yet Jesus said not unto him, that he should not die; but, If I will that he tarry till I come, what [is that] to thee? 24This is the disciple that beareth witness of these things, and wrote these things: and we know that his witness is true. 25And there are also many other things which Jesus did, the which if they should be written every one, I suppose that even the world itself would not contain the books that should be written.
1Now on the first [day] of the week cometh Mary Magdalene early, while it was yet dark, unto the tomb, and seeth the stone taken away from the tomb. 2She runneth therefore, and cometh to Simon Peter, and to the other disciple whom Jesus loved, and saith unto them, They have taken away the Lord out of the tomb, and we know not where they have laid him. 3Peter therefore went forth, and the other disciple, and they went toward the tomb. 4And they ran both together: and the other disciple outran Peter, and came first to the tomb; 5and stooping and looking in, he seeth the linen cloths lying; yet entered he not in. 6Simon Peter therefore also cometh, following him, and entered into the tomb; and he beholdeth the linen cloths lying, 7and the napkin, that was upon his head, not lying with the linen cloths, but rolled up in a place by itself. 8Then entered in therefore the other disciple also, who came first to the tomb, and he saw, and believed. 9For as yet they knew not the scripture, that he must rise from the dead. 10So the disciples went away again unto their own home. 11But Mary was standing without at the tomb weeping: so, as she wept, she stooped and looked into the tomb; 12and she beholdeth two angels in white sitting, one at the head, and one at the feet, where the body of Jesus had lain. 13And they say unto her, Woman, why weepest thou? She saith unto them, Because they have taken away my Lord, and I know not where they have laid him. 14When she had thus said, she turned herself back, and beholdeth Jesus standing, and knew not that it was Jesus. 15Jesus saith unto her, Woman, why weepest thou? whom seekest thou? She, supposing him to be the gardener, saith unto him, Sir, if thou hast borne him hence, tell me where thou hast laid him, and I will take him away. 16Jesus saith unto her, Mary. She turneth herself, and saith unto him in Hebrew, Rabboni; which is to say, Teacher. 17Jesus saith to her, Touch me not; for I am not yet ascended unto the Father: but go unto my brethren, and say to them, I ascend unto my Father and your Father, and my God and your God. 18Mary Magdalene cometh and telleth the disciples, I have seen the Lord; and [that] he had said these things unto her. 19When therefore it was evening, on that day, the first [day] of the week, and when the doors were shut where the disciples were, for fear of the Jews, Jesus came and stood in the midst, and saith unto them, Peace [be] unto you. 20And when he had said this, he showed unto them his hands and his side. The disciples therefore were glad, when they saw the Lord. 21Jesus therefore said to them again, Peace [be] unto you: as the Father hath sent me, even so send I you. 22And when he had said this, he breathed on them, and saith unto them, Receive ye the Holy Spirit: 23whose soever sins ye forgive, they are forgiven unto them; whose soever i ye retain, they are retained. 24But Thomas, one of the twelve, called Didymus, was not with them when Jesus came. 25The other disciples therefore said unto him, We have seen the Lord. But he said unto them, Except I shall see in his hands the print of the nails, and put my hand into his side, I will not believe. 26And after eight days again his disciples were within, and Thomas with them. Jesus cometh, the doors being shut, and stood in the midst, and said, Peace [be] unto you. 27Then saith he to Thomas, Reach hither thy finger, and see my hands; and reach i thy hand, and put it into my side: and be not faithless, but believing. 28 Thomas answered and said unto him, My Lord and my God. 29 Jesus saith unto him, Because thou hast seen me, thou hast believed: blessed [are] they that have not seen, and [yet] have believed. 30Many other signs therefore did Jesus in the presence of the disciples, which are not written in this book: 31but these are written, that ye may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God; and that believing ye may have life in his name
1Then Pilate therefore took Jesus, and scourged him. 2And the soldiers platted a crown of thorns, and put it on his head, and arrayed him in a purple garment; 3and they came unto him, and said, Hail, King of the Jews! and they struck him with their hands. 4And Pilate went out again, and saith unto them, Behold, I bring him out to you, that ye may know that I find no crime in him. 5Jesus therefore came out, wearing the crown of thorns and the purple garment. And i saith unto them, Behold, the man! 6When therefore the chief priests and the officers saw him, they cried out, saying, Crucify [him], crucify [him]! Pilate saith unto them, Take him yourselves, and crucify him: for I find no crime in him. 7The Jews answered him, We have a law, and by that law he ought to die, because he made himself the Son of God. 8When Pilate therefore heard this saying, he was the more afraid; 9and he entered into the Praetorium again, and saith unto Jesus, Whence art thou? But Jesus gave him no answer. 10Pilate therefore saith unto him, Speakest thou not unto me? Knowest thou not that I have power to release thee, and have power to crucify thee? 11Jesus answered him, Thou wouldest have no power against me, except it were given thee from above: therefore he that delivered me unto thee hath greater sin. 12Upon this Pilate sought to release him: but the Jews cried out, saying, If thou release this man, thou art not Caesar’s friend: every one that maketh himself a king speaketh against Caesar. 13When Pilate therefore heard these words, he brought Jesus out, and sat down on the judgment-seat at a place called The Pavement, but in Hebrew, Gabbatha. 14Now it was the Preparation of the passover: it was about the sixth hour. And he saith unto the Jews, Behold, your King! 15 They therefore cried out, Away with [him], away with [him], crucify him! Pilate saith unto them, Shall I crucify your King? The chief priests answered, We have no king but Caesar. 16 Then therefore he delivered him unto them to be crucified. 17They took Jesus therefore: and he went out, bearing the cross for himself, unto the place called The place of a skull, which is called in Hebrew, Golgotha: 18where they crucified him, and with him two others, on either side one, and Jesus in the midst. 19And Pilate wrote a title also, and put it on the cross. And there was written, JESUS OF NAZARETH, THE KING OF THE JEWS. 20This title therefore read many of the Jews, for the place where Jesus was crucified was nigh to the city; and it was written in Hebrew, [and] in Latin, [and] in Greek. 21The chief priests of the Jews therefore said to Pilate, Write not, The King of the Jews; but that he said, I am King of the Jews. 22Pilate answered, What I have written I have written. 23The soldiers therefore, when they had crucified Jesus, took his garments and made four parts, to every soldier a part; and also the coat: now the coat was without seam, woven from the top throughout. 24They said therefore one to another, Let us not rend it, but cast lots for it, whose it shall be: that the scripture might be fulfilled, which saith, They parted my garments among them, And upon my vesture did they cast lots.
25These things therefore the soldiers did. But there were standing by the cross of Jesus his mother, and his mother’s sister, Mary the i of Clopas, and Mary Magdalene. 26 When Jesus therefore saw his mother, and the disciple standing by whom he loved, he saith unto his mother, Woman, behold thy son! 27Then saith he to the disciple, Behold, thy mother! And from that hour the disciple took her unto his own [home]. 28After this Jesus, knowing that all things are now finished, that the scripture might be accomplished, saith, I thirst. 29There was set there a vessel full of vinegar: so they put a sponge full of the vinegar upon hyssop, and brought it to his mouth. 30When Jesus therefore had received the vinegar, he said, It is finished: and he bowed his head, and gave up his spirit. 31The Jews therefore, because it was the Preparation, that the bodies should not remain on the cross upon the sabbath (for the day of that sabbath was a high [day]), asked of Pilate that their legs might be broken, and [that] they might be taken away. 32The soldiers therefore came, and brake the legs of the first, and of the other that was crucified with him: 33but when they came to Jesus, and saw that he was dead already, they brake not his legs: 34howbeit one of the soldiers with a spear pierced his side, and straightway there came out blood and water. 35And he that hath seen hath borne witness, and his witness is true: and he knoweth that he saith true, that ye also may believe. 36For these things came to pass, that the scripture might be fulfilled, A bone of him shall not be broken. 37And again another scripture saith, They shall look on him whom they pierced. 38And after these things Joseph of Arimathaea, being a disciple of Jesus, but secretly for fear of the Jews, asked of Pilate that he might take away the body of Jesus: and Pilate gave i leave. He came therefore, and took away his body. 39And there came also Nicodemus, he who at the first came to him by night, bringing a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about a hundred pounds. 40So they took the body of Jesus, and bound it in linen cloths with the spices, as the custom of the Jews is to bury. 41Now in the place where he was crucified there was a garden; and in the garden a new tomb wherein was never man yet laid. 42There then because of the Jews’ Preparation (for the tomb was nigh at hand) they laid Jesus.